Appliance for type-writers and the like.



EDU/mn M AREK v. MARCHTHAL. vAPPLIANCIE'I-'OR T YP WRITERS AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FILED APK. 9; I9I2.

1 1 86,216 Patented June 6, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I- EDUARD MAREK v.. MARCHTHAL.

APFLIANCE FOR TYPE WRITERS AND THE LIKE. APEIICAIION VFILED APR. 9, 1912.

1 ,`1 86,2 1 6. Y Patented June 6, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

EDUARD MAREK EMARCHTHAL.

APPLIANCEEOR TYPE WRITERS AND THE LIKE.

"APPLICATION-FILED APR.9'19-12.

l 1 86,21 6'. Patented June 6,1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- EDUARD MAREK v. MARCHTHAL. APPLIANCE FOR TYPE WRITERS AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION rx-LE'D APR. 9. 1912.

1 l 86,2 1 6*-, ParntedJuue 6, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- 'UNITED sTATEs PATENT ernia-21a.,

EDUARD MAREK V. MARCHTHAL, 0F VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS Sc HALSKE. A. G., OF BERLIN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patenten June e, iaie.

Application led April 9, 1912. Serial No. 689,459.

T o all whom t may concern Be it known that I, EDUARD MAREK V. MARCHTHAL, a citizen of the Empire of Austria, and residing at Vienna, Austria- Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Appliances for Type-Writers and the like, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to means for justifying lines in writing machines.

When written matter comprising justified lines vis to be produced each line must first be written experimentally. The amount by which it is too short, z'. e. the shortage, is then distributed as uniformly as possible among the word-separating spaces in the line. Now the feed mechanisms of machines which produce written matter are, in general, pawl-and-ratchet mechanisms; neither the breadth of the written letter nor that of the word-separating spaces can be of any desired size, but must always be a multiple of the pitch of the ratchet. This impairs the perfection of the justification; for example, if a shortage equal to seventeen times the unit feed is to be distributed among five spaces, each space must be increased by 17/ 5 of the unit feed. This is only approximately possible; each space must be enlarged either three or fourunits of feed; inthe former case the line would be two units of feed too short, and in the latter three units of feed too long.

Now an important object of my invention is to provide that all the lines are made exactly equal in length without material differences in the sizes of the spaces being obtained. To this end, I not only make the enlargement of each individual space as approximately equal to the requisite amount (shortage divided by number of spaces) as the pitch of the feed ratchet allows, but I determine that requisite amount afresh each time after a space is made. Whether the next higher or the next lower value of the requisite amount is selected for the size of the space is unimportant. In this manner the greatest uniformity of the spaces among themselves is obtained which is possible under the given conditions; that the shortage to be lled up is distributed without any provided with automatic devices for the purpose. Such a device is adjusted at the beginning of each line to both the amount ofthe shortage and to the number of the spaces, and then each individual space is automatically enlarged by the quotient obtained from these two amounts as exactly as the feed mechanism admits thereof.

According to my invention after one space has been enlarged each of the remaining spaces is adjusted to the shortage still to be distributed and to the number of available spaces. This adjustment may be brought about manually or automatically.

Other objectsof the invention will be understood from the detailed description hereinafter when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming f a part thereof, wherein several embodiments of the invention are represented by way of example. l

In said drawings -Figure 1 is an elevation showing one form of my improved justifying mechanism, Fig. 2 is a like view of another form, Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views showing modified forms of justification levers, and Fig. 5 is an elevation showing another form of my justifying mechanism.

Referring firstly to Fig. 1, the toothed rack l is for feeding the finished written matter and is thus connected, for example, with the paper-carriage of the typewriting machine. A spring, not shown, tends to pull lit in the direction of its arrow, but a springpressed pawl 2 holds it. If a word-separating space is to be made, by pressing a key 3 a three-armed lever 4 is rocked about the pivot 5. This lever allows a second springpressed pawl 6 to fall into the carriage-rack loo l and lifts the pawl 2 out of engagement therewith. The pawl 6 is pivoted on a slide 7 which is pressed in itsnormal positionby a spring, not shown, actin in the direction of the arrow toward the justification lever 8. As soon as the pawl 6 engages with the rack 1 and the pawl 2 is disengaged therefrom, the more powerful carriage-spring drives the slide 7 until a stop or collar 9 abuts against the fixed bearing 10. When the key 3 is released the pawl 2 again engages with the rack 1, the pawl 6 is disengaged therefrom, and the slide 7 is again placed by its spring against the lever 8. The movement which the slide has executed together with therack 1 is the feed motion of the carriage;it is equal to the distance of the stop 9 from the bearing 10. lNhen the lever 8 is in its zero position, z'. e. vertical, the point of the slide 7 and its collar 9 are located in the positions shown in dotted lines. Pressure on the key 3 then produces a normal word-separating space whose size is designated m. By rocking the justification lever Sthis normal space is increased by the amount r. The justification lever 8, under the influence of a spring 11, bears against an adjustable stop 12. This is adjustable in two directions, c'. e. vertically and horizontally and is shifted to the left according to the shortage and downward according to the number of the spaces. lts zero position is coincident with a line through the center of the fulcrum of the lever 8. The distance s by which itis shown shifted laterally on the drawing is the shortage; if there were only one space in the line, this space would have to be enlarged the entire amount s; the stop 12 would then have to be brought into alinement with the slide 7 i. c. into the vertical position designated a. lf there are two spaces the stop 12 will be shifted downward out of its zero position twice the amount, z'. e. to the line b. The lever 8 bearing against it will then allow the slide 7 a supplementary movement r=r as a simple geometrical calculation shows. With three spaces the stop 12 will be shifted an additional `unit downward, 2. c. to the line c, and with four spaces to the line (Z. lts position at the line g corresponds to an adjustment for seven spaces. The stop 12 is fast on a slide 13 which when being vertically adjusted slides 0n a guide bar 14. This is attached to a toothed rack 15 which can be shifted horizontally.

By means of my improved mechanism for automatically adjusting the lever 8, whenever a word-separating space is made, z'. e. at each pressure on the key 3, the shortage rack 15 is first moved backward, thus shifted to the right, the amount which the space is to be enlarged, andsecondly, the slide 13 is adjusted vertically on its bar 14 the unit of length corresponding to one space. Thev rack 15 is shifted by means of the drag slide l16 which slides on the slide 7 and is pressed by the spring 29 against a stop pin 18 carried by the slide 7. When the 'justification lever 8 is in its zero position the drag slide 16 bears against a iXedly mounted stop 17. Therefore, when the lever 8 is rocked this slide 16 moves with the slide 7 the distance r determined by this rocking movement. While this slide 7 travels the other portion m'of its path the drag slide 16 bears firmly against the stop 17 and the spring 29 is compressed. Owing to the pressure on the key 3 a second three-armed lever 30 is moved which controls two spring-pressed pawls 19 and 20 in like manner as the lever f1. The fixedly fulcrumed pawl 2O normally holds the rack 15 against the pressure of a spring,

not shown, acting in the direction of the arrow. The pawl 19 is pivoted on the drag slide 16. The three-armed lever 30 first allows the pawl`19 to engage with the rack, then disengages the pawl 20 therefrom, whereupon the rack 15 participates in the motion of the drag slide 16 and moves to the right the amount by which the space is to be increased. As soon as the key 3 is released the pawls 2 and 20 are engaged, the pawls 6 and 19 are disengaged and the slide 7 and drag slide 16 return into their rest positions.

ln addition to the levers l and 30 a rocking lever 21, carrying a spring-pressed pawl 22, is connected with the key 3. This pawl engages with the ratchet 24. By pressing the key 3 the pawl 22 is caused to engage with the neXt tooth of the ratchet, while the ratchet is held by a spring-pressed, retaining pawl 23. When moving backward the key 3, rotates the ratchet 24 clockwise one tooth against the action of a spring, not shown, acting in the direction of the arrow. The ratchet is connected by gearing 24 with the long pinion 25 meshing with the rack 26 attached to the slide 13. The ratios of transmission arc such that when the ratchet 24 is fed one tooth the slide 13 is shifted upward -one unit of length corresponding to the displacement of the stop 12 for one word-space. The pinion 25 is so wide that the word-space justification rack 26 remains in mesh' with it when the stop 12 is shifted laterally as far as possible.

Besides the ratchet toothing 15 the rack 15 has a second toothing 15" with which the pinion 27 on the shaft 28 meshes. Before beginning each line the stop 12 is adjusted by rotating this shaft 28 and also the shaft 24.-a of the ratchet 24. The pawls 22 and can be disengaged from the ratchet 24 by ties or connecting-rods, not shown, but indicated by, andmoving in the direction of their arrows. The key 3 is actuated by the pressure of a nger or by the controlling members of the machine.

In this embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 1 the slide 7 bears in its rest position against the justification lever 8; there is a danger that each time when it snaps back into its rest position, it will lift the lever 8 from the stop 12.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which the slide 41 corres onding to the slide 7 contacts with the justi cation lever only at the moment of feed and cannot lift it from the stop 12. The carriage-rack 1 and the shortage rack 15 which shifts the justification lever 8 are influenced by spring pressure in the direction indicated by their arrows opposite to the direction of their feed motion. The feed motion of the rack 1 is directly produced by the pressure on the key 3. This key moves the lever 40 which drives the rack 1 through the medium of the spring-pressed pawl 45, whereupon the rack is held in its new position by a spring-pressed retaining pawl 46. When the lever 40 is tilted over so far that it contacts with the slide 41 the rack 1 has moved the length of a normal space. The slide 41 is then axially shifted farther until it abuts against the stop or shoulder 50 of the justification lever' 8.

A rod 42, connected'with a second lever 44, is pivotally connected to the lever 40.

By providing a loop 43 at one end of the rod 42 so much play is provided tha-t the lever 44 participates only in the second part of the motion which occurs when the slide 41 is shifted. A spring-pressed pawl 47 pivoted to the end of the lever 44 then slides over the teeth of the rack 15 which in the meantime is held by a spring-pressed retaining pawl 48. When the key 3 is released the lever 44 is pulled back by a spring 44 against its stop 49 and drives with it the rack l5 which is fed back the amount by which the space has been enlarged.V It is thus only adjusted when the rack 1 has completed its motion. That is necessary because' only after this completion does the slide 41 bear against the'shoulder 50, and the latter must remain at rest until this moment. Another difference in the mode of operation of the embodiments according to Figs. 1 and 2 is due to the springs of the two racks in Fig. 1 acting in the direction of thefeed motion, and in Fig. 2 opposite thereto. Nowif a space-enlargement equal to two and a half times the pitch, for example, is adjusted by the lever 8, in the illustrative embodiment according to Fig. 1 a space-enlargement equal to three times the pitch will be produced, and in that according to Fig. 2 one of only twice the pitch. This difference is however immaterial; a defect would arise only if the one rack were fed the next higher and the other'the next smaller amount. In-

the described embodiment such an error can arise only owing to special coincidences. Namely, when the pawls of the racks meet to its being desira'ble tolprovide that the spring of the carriage-rack cannot act on the justification lever. This spring is generally very powerful; particularly the impact of the carriage accelerated by it would greatly impair the exactitude in the limitation of the motion and, in addition, would lead to rapid wear and tear of the justification lever and its adjusting members. Defects of this kind are impossible with a justification lever according to Fig. 3. The justification lever here designated 55 can be adjusted in the above described manner by the stop 12. The slide 7 for limiting the motion of the carriage does not, however, abut against the lever itself but against a curved arm 56 connected with it and so formed that whenever Ythe lever is adjusted, this arm allows the slide to move the requisite distance. Wlhen the direction of motion of the abutting point of the slide is in alinement with the fulcrum ofthe lever 55, reaction on this lever or its adjusting members is impossible.

An additional improvement is shown in Fig. 4. The curved arm 56 is here stepped. By correctly designing these steps the movements-of the slide 7 can be so limited that ythey correspond to the pitch of the rack; the

pawls will then always certainly fall into the gap.

Besides other improvements Fig. 5 shows the employment of such a. justification lever. The justification lever 60 is here formed as a link in which slides a guide block 61 revolubly mounted on the slide 62 movable vertically along the bar 63. This baiiis mounted on the rack 15 by which it can be shifted horizontally. The justification lever 60 is adjusted bythe guide block 61 in the same manner as the justification lever 8 in Fig. 1 by the stop 12. The employment of the guide block and link, however, has the advantage that the position of the justification lever is secured in both directions of motion. For limiting the feed of the carriage rack 1 the stepped segment 64 is used and for limiting the feed of the rack 15 the stepped segment 65. These two segments are integral one with the other and can rock about the same axle 66 ,as the justification y The justification lever has an arm 67 having a slot 68 in which a pin 69 of the stepped segment 64 can move. The pin 69 is normally held by a spring 109 against the top end of the slot 68. When the justification lever 60 is placed into a predetermined position a small movement of the two stepped segments is nevertheless possible, the purpose of this movement being to prevent the two stops 70 and 71 striking on Vthe edges of the steps. The stop 70 is fast on a lever 72 fulcrumed on the aXle 74. The other end of this lever pivotally carries a spring-pressed pawl .76 which, like the spring-pressed retaining pawl 77, coaots with the rack 1 of the carriage. A slide 80 controls both of these pawls by its pins 82 and 83, and in the normal position of the mechanism the pawl 76 is prevented fromengaging with the rack by the pin'82.

Now if the rack 1 is to be fed the distance of al word-separating space, by moving a rod 86 downward the two-armed main lever 87 fulcrumed on the pivot 92 is rocked. This main lever is pivotally connected to the slide 80 and pulls it upward. The pawl 76 is first engaged with the' rack 1, and then the pawl 77 is lifted therefrom 'by the pin 83. The carriage-spring, not shown, acting in the direction of the arrow, now presseson the pawl 76 and so on the lever 72. This lever yields to the pressure until its stop 70 abuts against the stepped segment 64 and the carriage-rack 1 moves forward, the length of the path traveled by the rack 1 depending on the adjustment of this segment. When the main lever 87 and the slide 80 return into their normalA position the pawl 77 is first engaged with the rack 1 and then the pawl 76 is lifted therefrom. The rack 1 is thereby held, the lever 72 however is returned by a spring 88 into its normal position determined by an adjustable stop 90.

A similar device, 'by which the rack 15 is shifted corresponding to the adjustment of the stepped segment 65, will now be described. The lever 73 fulcrumed on the axle 75 carries the stop 71, and also the spring-pressed pawl 78 which, like the spring-pressed, retaining pawl 79, can cooperate withthe rack 15. Normally the pawl 78 is engaged with and the click 79 disengaged from the rack 15. The pressure of the spring, not shown, acting in the direction of the arrow on the rack 15 is imparted by the pawl 78 to the lever 73 which is thereby pressed against its stop 91 against the influence of a spring 89. As soon as the main lever 87 is rocked for the purpose of making a' space between two words, 'the slide 81 pivoted to it descends and its pin 35 allows the pawl 79 to engage with the rack 15, and the pin 84 subsequently disengages the pawl 78 therefrom. The lever 73 is now tilted over by the spring 89 until its stop 71 abuts against the stepped segment 65. When the slide 81 returns into its normal position the pawl 78 is engaged again with the rack and the pawl 79 disengaged therefrom. The rack 15 can now follow the 'pull of its spring until the lever 73 abuts against its stop 91. The steps of the segments 64 and 65 are so designed that the movements of the racks 1 and 15 are in the requisite reciprocal relation.

The device for adjusting the stepped segments so that the stops 70 and 71 do not abut on anedge of thesteps will now be described. Integral with the stepped segments is a toothed segment 93 whose curved edge is provided with notches 110 so arranged that a detent 94 can enter into one of them when a readjustment of the stepped segments 64 and 65 is necessary. Such a position is shown in the drawing. The detent 94 is attached to the bell crank 95. This is moved through the medium of a spring 96 by the main lever 87, and before one of the pawls 77 and 78 is disengaged the detent enters into the opposite notch of the toothed segment 93. The detent strikes slantwise on the one edge of this notch of the toothed segment which yields under its pressure and is rocked. The stepped segments 64 and 65 are thus so adjusted that the stops 70 and 71 certainly strike on a face and not onv an edge, the spring 109 being tensioned when the toothed segment 93 is rocked. If the stepped segments are already so adjusted by the justification lever 60 that the stops 70 and 71 impact full on a face, the detent 94 is stopped by one of the curved parts 111 at theedge of the toothed segment 93. In this event, in `consequence of the iiexibility of the spring 96 the main lever 87 is not checked. The bell crank 95 is returned into its normal position by a Weak spring 97 against the stop pin 98.

For vertically shifting the slide 62 to the next smaller number of spaces a wordspace justification rack 99 is attached to it, similarly as in the embodiment shown in F ig. 1. This rack meshes with the wide pinion 100 driven by the bevel gears 101, 102. These gears are driven through the medium of the spur gear 103 by the spur gear 104 coupled with a ratchet 105. This tends to rotate clockwise under the influence of a spring, not shown, as indicated by the arrow, but is held by the double pallet 106. Attached to the main lever 87 is a spring 107 which, when this lever moves, presses on the double pallet 106 and tilts it so that its other pallet is engaged. The ratchet 105 rotates a small distance just suliicient to bring the double pallet when returning into its normal position into engagement with the next tooth. This return movement takes place under the influence-of a spring 108 when the main lever 87 releases the double pallet. Owing to the ratchet 105 rotating one tooth the slide 62 is moved downward one unit of length corresponding to one space.

Owing to the step-shaped formation of the segments 64 and 65 a certain engagement of the pawls with the racks 1 and 15 is guaranteed. The danger of the stops 70 and 71 so abutting on the edges of the steps that the one stop can just remain suspended on the edge, while the other can slide on to the next lower step, is obviated by the readjusting device comprising the toothed segment 93 and the detent 94.

The limitation of the feed movements by steps and their readjustment by the detent 91 also renders inoperative the small movements which the rack 15 and the rack 99 execute before the feed motion of the carriage rack 1 is complete. These small movements are unavoidable; they occur when the pawl 7 9 is being engaged and the'pawl 78 disengaged, in consequence of the play which the pawl 79 must have tol assure its certain falling into a gap; in the same manner, such small movement occurs in the case of therack 99 owing to the change of the teeth of the double pallet 106. Owing to these movements of the racks 15 and 99 the justification lever 60 is shifted a small distance; this can however readily be kept so small that the stops 70 and 71 are not placed opposite another step.

Another difference of the last described embodiment \as compared with those 'shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is that the rack 15 is not shifted by the carriage-rack l or by a part connected therewith, but its motion is directly limited by thel justification lever. To'

this end, the entire mechanism serving for regulating the motion of the carriage is repeated for the rack 15. Owing to the independence of the motions of the two, great freedom isl obtained in the construction of the justification members.

rlhe hereindescribed mechanism can vbe usefully and correspondingly employed when the lines are first made too long and then brought to the correct length by diminishing the word-separating spaces.

I claim z- 1. In a device for justifying lines, means for dividing the shortage to be justified by the number of word-separating spaces among which the shortage is to be distributed, means for making a word-separating space larger than normal by an amount substantially equal to the quotient obtained thereby, and means for dividing, for the determination of the next spaces, in each instance the remaining total shortage by the remaining number of word-separating spaces among which the shortage is to be distributed, and means for making the neXt Word-- separating space substantially equal to the quotient then obtained.

2. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, With a carriage-rack, a justification device, and a member controlled by said device and limiting the movement of the carriage-rack, of a shortage rack for controlling the justification device, a pawl normally engaging with the shortage rack, and means for limiting the movement of the pawl to the amount bywhich the normal vword-separating space is increased by the justification device.

3. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, with a carriage rack, a justification device, and a member controlled by said device and limiting the movement of the carriage rack, of a shortage rack for controlling the justification device, a pawl normally engaging with the shortage rack, a stop operatively connected with said pawl, and an adjustable stop actuated by the justification device for controlling the former stop.

4. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination witha carriage rack, ,a justification device, and a member controlled b v said device and limiting the movement of the carriage rack, of a spring-influenced shortage rack for controlling the justification device, a pawl normally engaging with the shortage rack, a stop operatively connected with said pawl, -an adjustable stop actuated by the justification device for controlling the former stop, and a stop for arresting the pawl when the same engages.

with the shortage rack.

5. In apparatus for justifying lines inl machines of the character'A described, the combination, with a carriage rack, a justification device, and a member controlled by said device and limiting the movement of the carriage rack, of a spring-iniiuenced shortage rack for controlling the justification device, a pawl normally engaging with the shortage rack, a stop operatively connected with said pawl, an adjustable stop actuated by the justification device for con,- trolling the former stop, a ystop for arresting the pawl when the same engages with the shortage rack, a second pawl for temporarily engaging with the shortage rack when the former pawl is disengaged therefrom, and a spring tending to cause the former stop to coact with the second stop.

6. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, with a carriage rack, a justification device, and a member controlled by said `device and limiting the movement of the carriage rack, of a spring-influenced shortage rack for controlling the justification device, a paWl normally engaging With the shortage rack, a stop operatively connected with said paWl, an adjustablestop actuated by the justification device for controlling the former stop, a. stop for arresting the pawl When the same engages with the shortage rack, a second pavvl for temporarily en'- gaging With the shortage rack, When the former paWl is disengaged therefrom, and a spring tending to cause the former stop to coact With the second stop, and means for alternately engaging and disengaging the paWls with the shortage rack.

7. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, With a carriage rack, of a justification device comprising a lever and an adjustable stop controlled thereby, and a member controlled by saidfstop and limiting the movement of the carriage-rack.

8. ln apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, With a carriage rack, of a justification device comprising a lever and an adjustable stop operatively connected there- With, a paWl normally engaging in the carriage rack, a lever, a paWl on the lever adapted to engage With the carriage rack but normally disengaged therefrom, a fixed stop, a spring tending to pull the lever against the xed stop, and means for reversing the engagement of the paWls with the carriage rack.

9. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, with a carriage rack, of a justification devce comprising a lever, a slide for controlling the lever, a shortage rack and a Word-space justification rack for adjusting the slide, and means controlled by the lever for limiting the feed of the carriage rack.

10. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, With a carriage rack, of a justification device comprising a lever, a slide for controlling the lever, a shortage rack for adjusting the slide in one direction, a Word-space justification rack for adjusting the slide in a direction at right angles to the former direction, paWl-and-ratchet mechanism for adjusting the word-space rack, and means controlled by the lever for limiting the feed of the carriage rack.

l1. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, With a spring-pulled carriagerack, of a justification device comprising a justification lever, a slide for controlling the lever and an adjustable stop operatively connected with the lever, a paWl normally engaging in the carriage rack, a lever, a paWl fiscale on the lever adapted to engage With the carriage rack but normally disengaged therefrom, a fixedly mounted stop, and a spring tending to pull the'lever against the latter stop, a spring-pulled shortage rack for adjusting the slide in one direction, a paWl normally engaging With the latter, a stop operatively connected with said pawl, an adj ustable stop actuated by the justification lever for controlling the latter stop, and a second paWl adapted to engage With the shortage rack and normally disengaged therefrom; a Word-space justification rack for adjusting the slide in a direction at right angles to the former direction, and paWl-and-ratchet mechanism for adjusting the Word-space rack; a lever mounted `to rock, means connected With the latter lever for reversing the engagement of the former pavvls, means connected With the latter lever for reversing the engagement of the latter paWls, and means on the lever -for actuating the paWl-andratchet mechanism.

l2. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination., with a carriage rack, of a justification device comprising a lever andv an adj ustable stepped stop controlled thereby, and a member controlled by said stop and limiting the movement of the carriage rack.

13. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, with a carriage rack, of a justification device comprising a lever and an adjustable stepped stop operatively connected therewith, a notched segment connected with the stepped stop, and having lost motion connection With the lever, a driver, means for moving the driver in the direction of the segment until it is stopped thereby, and a member controlled by said stop and limiting the movement of the carriage rack.

14:. In apparatus for justifying lines in machines of the character described, the combination, with a carriage rack, of a justification device comprising a justification lever and an adjustable stepped stop operatively connected therewith, a paWlnormallyengaging in the carriage rack, a lever, a paWl on the lever adapted to engage With'the carriage rackl but normally disengaged therefrom, a stop, a spring tending to pull the lever against the latterstop', a rocking lever, and means connected With the latter for reversing the engagement of 'the paWls; a notched segment connected With the stepped stop and having lost motion connection With the justification lever, a bell crank, a driver carried by the latter and movable in the direction of the segment until it is stopped thereby, a spring attached to the bell crank tending to remove the driver from the segment, and a spring connecting the rocking lever With the bell crank.

15. In apparatus forjustifying lines in Word-separating space is increased'by the machines of the character described, the comjustification device.

bination, with a carriage-rack, a justica- In testimony whereof, I have signed my tion device, and a member' controlled by sald name torthis Speciication in the presence of 5 device and limiting the movement of the tvvo Witnesses.

carriage-rack, of ashortage rack for cony trolling the justification device, a paWl EDUARD MAB'EK V MARCHTHAL' adapted to engage With'the shortage rack, Witnesses: and means for limiting the movement of the AUGUST FUGGER,

10 pawl to the amount by which thenormal K ADA MARIA BERGER. 

